The popular science on health, wellbeing and longevity is beginning to look beyond diet and exercise to volunteering as a contributing factor to a healthy, more fulfilling and longer life. Ethics volunteer Ima Strkljevic, a clinical physiotherapist, is doing her PhD in this field and shares her insights and knowledge with us in this blog post.

Ima points out that the evidence shows that volunteering positively affects the overall health of both volunteers and the recipients of their giving through social interaction, support and physical activity. Volunteering featured in the late Michael Moseley’s podcast Just One Thing (BBC) and Dan Buettner’s Live to 100: Secret of the Blue Zones (Netflix).

Ima Strkljevic has volunteered for Primary Ethics for more than seven years as an ethics teacher, coordinator and regional manager. Ima is passionate about volunteering! She is a clinical physiotherapist and a PhD candidate in public health, researching innovative interventions for promotion of physical activity in middle-aged and older adults, with particular focus on volunteering among health professionals.

Since she arrived in Australia as a refugee, Ima has volunteered with newly arrived refugees, migrants, torture and trauma survivors and culturally and linguistically diverse communities. Apart from dedicating her time to providing ethics education in NSW public schools, she has professionally volunteered as a NSW Australian Physiotherapy Association branch councillor and initiated and contributed to health programs to promote physical activity, social/ intergenerational interaction and general health in her community.

Ima writes: Volunteers are an invaluable asset to their communities, an enormous, growing, informal workforce providing their knowledge, skills, resources and time. Many volunteers remain engaged in their cause for an extended period due to their prosocial behaviour. Australia’s estimated six million volunteers (roughly 30% of the adult population) have proven extremely valuable during times of national crises from destructive bushfires, drought, floods, cyclones and the unprecedented pandemic of COVID-19. Apart from crises, volunteers regularly dedicate their time to regular activities related to sport, health, education, community and social welfare, all of which support social inclusion, education, help for marginalised and underrepresented groups, social connectivity and delivery of public services.

There is plenty of evidence supporting the multiple positive effects of volunteering for both the objective and subjective health of recipients and the volunteers themselves. Studies show that volunteering is associated with decreased mortality and improved physical health, mental health, social support and interaction, healthy behaviours and coping ability. In recipients, volunteering can improve self-esteem, disease management, mental health, cognitive function, self-efficacy and life expectancy. Engaging middle-aged or older adults as volunteers promotes their social interaction, which reduces loneliness. Loneliness is acknowledged as a modern-age epidemic associated with cardiovascular disease, obesity, dementia, depression, anxiety, a multitude of physiological disorders and even premature death.

The global aging population and increasing numbers of people with chronic disease puts strain on individuals, families and healthcare systems. Promotion of healthy aging should thus be a global priority. Encouraging volunteering as a way of fostering physical activity and social interaction in later life may prevent or at least delay the onset of age-related functional impairment. Low rates of physical activity among older adults remains a major public health concern (only one in five adults in Australia meet the physical activity guidelines and physical inactivity is one of the leading preventable causes of all ill health and premature death). Consequently, it is important to identify new, low-cost, sustainable strategies to support middle-aged and older adults to enjoy active, independent and happy lives for as long as possible.

A recently published study that I co-authored recommended that volunteering organisations provide both social interaction and appropriate professional development opportunities as incentives. In addition, it is essential that organisations ensure that volunteering opportunities also involve older or retired professionals, emeritus and student groups, who have significant potential as volunteers. One group that has significant potential to be recruited as volunteers is health professionals, as they are highly motivated by altruism, empathy, ethics, learning, professional development, recognition and personal growth. Retired professionals in particular could reap the health benefits of volunteering by continuing to be physically and socially active and engaged as they progress through older age.

I’d like to add that there is a volunteering threshold to derive health benefits and it is one to two hours a week or 40-100 hours a year. This is the perfect number for a Primary Ethics volunteer.