Education

Ethics@Home bulletin for parents Term 1 2024

Welcome to 2024 ethics – and a special welcome to those of you whose children start ethics this year. This @Home bulletin lets you know what your children will be discussing in their ethics lessons this term.

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We hope the students talk about ethics with you at home – ask them questions about it! These topics are relevant to us as adults too. We’d love to hear of any good discussions you have. Schools commence their ethics programs at different points of the term – some are quick to start, others take awhile to get organised and begin in late February or early March. If you haven’t yet heard, give it a week or two then ask your child.

We always – no exaggeration- need more volunteers to teach ethics. You don’t need any previous teaching experience and it only takes an hour or so a week, at the same time every week so there’s no spillover into the rest of your life. Check out what a volunteer does and how you can apply (or suggest it to friends or grandparents.)

Here’s a brief look at what your children are exploring in their ethics lessons in Term 1 2024.

The topics we show you below are based on classes which begin at the beginning of the year. Schools start at different times (and depend on there being enough volunteers), some lessons go faster or slower than others, some schools skip ethics for the first and last weeks of the term while others teach every single week – and so on. If your child tells you they are discussing a topic you don’t see in this bulletin, you can also look at the Curriculum section of our website.

Kindergarten: Being curious and asking questions

Young children are curious about countless things and a goal of our curriculum is to nurture this curiosity (as well as their thinking and questioning abilities) so that they’re motivated and confident enough to think critically and for themselves about issues that matter to them. Our first topic of the year encourages students to start thinking about why we ask questions. Students will also consider why it can sometimes be hard to ask questions out loud when we’re worried about looking silly.

Later in the year, students will consider questions about sharing, fairness and doing harm without meaning to.

Stage 1 – Years 1 & 2: Pride

In the first Stage 1 topic of the year students explore some big questions to do with pride. What does it mean to be proud of something? Is it okay to be proud of our accomplishments? What about being proud of the things we’re given, like gifts and rewards – is that okay? And why are we sometimes proud of other people?

Later in the year, students will reflect on the importance of having good reasons and discuss the ethics of laziness.

Stage 2 – Years 3 & 4: Being selfish

In the first Stage 2 topic of the year, students delve into the ethics of being selfish. Is it okay to act selfishly, or is it always wrong? If you’ve put lots of time or effort into something or you’re worried it could get broken, is it okay not to share it? What does it mean if you help someone but for selfish reasons – is that misleading or deceitful?

Later in the year, students will think about how to disagree respectfully and whether it’s okay to keep animals in captivity.

Stage 3 – Years 5 & 6: A fair society

In the first Stage 3 topic of the year, students ponder what it means to have a fair society. Do we have a responsibility to make sure everyone can go to school and receive medical treatment? What are some of the challenges involved in providing such opportunities? And do governments have a responsibility to address inequalities that are the result of good or bad luck?

Later in the year, students will consider whether it’s ever okay to challenge a rule or piece of advice given by an authority.

Stage 4 – Years 7 & 8: Role models

The first topic of the year invites students to consider the place of role models in our lives. What makes someone a good role model? Must someone to be a good person to be a good role model? Is it fair to have higher expectations of someone just because others consider them a role model? Can having a role model, even if it’s someone you’ve never met, help you navigate life’s moral challenges?

Later in the year, students will discuss whether the voting age should be lowered and some ethical dilemmas to do with friendships.

Barb La Ganza: Kinghorn Award 2023

“Barb is a workhorse and superstar volunteer.”
Barb La Ganza is the Kinghorn Volunteer of the Year 2023. Barb, who’s been an ethics volunteer for nine years, is currently an ethics teacher and coordinator at one Sydney northern beaches school, as well as teaching ethics at two others. At one of her schools she teaches three back-to-back classes every week.
Barb was presented with her award at a lovely gathering in December 2023. Read excerpts from her acceptance speech below.

Barb Jill Swee2 — Barb La Ganza with ethics supporter Jill Kinghorn and the inaugural 2022 winner, Swee Goh.

Barb is always ready to go the extra mile … Barb has an encyclopaedic knowledge of the curriculum at all stages. She has mentored me and many other ethics teachers. She is always willing to share her knowledge. She has a calm encouraging manner. She is inspirational.

Barb’s story: “My ethics journey started when my son was in year 1. He brought home a note on bright red paper to say that ethics was going to be offered at Elanora Heights Public School and I was so excited I filled in the form, wrote ‘yay’ with a smiley face on it and sent it off with him. A few weeks later I found the form scrunched up at the bottom of his bag – it hadn’t made it to the channels that were allocating SRE classes. I then somehow found out that if you teach for Primary Ethics, your kids will be included on the class roll. And so here I am nine years later!

“One of my most memorable experiences in the classroom was when a kid came every week to class and sat quietly and read a book. He was neurodiverse and I didn’t think he was engaged at all as he never looked up from the book or joined in at all. Until term three, when he answered a question. It was so heartwarming to know he had been present in his own way all along.

“My favourite topic of all time is Stage 3 Homelessness, but it’s also the one I find the hardest to teach, as I teach in three schools in very privileged areas. Another favourite is the Stage 2 topic when a young boy had to go and make carpets to get money for his family instead of going to school. Getting the kids to tie their shoelaces starts out as fun and easy for the kids, but after tying their shoelaces over and over and over again for even just five minutes, you can see that they can imagine how someone might feel if they had to do that all day long.

“One of my Stage 3 kids asked me, quite incredulously, why I teach ethics if I don’t get paid. Well, there are not many opportunities to volunteer in the kids space – loads for elderly or homelessness. The curriculum is incredible and I love connecting with the students and hearing their points of view. Community is very important to me and I now belong to three communities of ethics teachers as well as the three schools I teach at. I learn so much from both the kids and my fellow teachers and it really makes me feel like a valued member in my local community. Nothing nicer than your students seeing you in the shops with their parents and greeting you.

“There is such a range of experiences from Kindergarten kids who can’t even read your name badge but who aren’t as filtered in their responses as the older children, to the stage 3 participants who have some incredibly insightful contributions. And my daughter who has just finished school will start teaching ethics this year which is so lovely to see her be inspired to volunteer in her community too.

“I am proud to be an ethics teacher and hope I can continue to be a volunteer and mentor to others in the Primary Ethics space. I look forward to continuing to be a part of my three school teams even when I am old and grey (although I am actually both those already!)

“Thank you to Primary Ethics and the Kinghorn Family. I am so grateful to be recognised for this award. I know I was amongst some impressive competition and a debt of gratitude goes to my teams plus my co-ordinators Joy and Dina for nominating me and saying such kind words to support their applications. Thank you in particular to my area manager Sandra, who has supported me since I took on the role of co-ordinator in 2022. Whilst I am not one to be motivated by accolades and awards, it really touched me to be recognised as a volunteer of note and my certificate sits proudly in my home on display for all to see.”

Barb is one of those volunteers who just ‘gets it done’. She will go out of her way to ensure that all classes are covered every week, not just at the school where she is coordinator, but also for the two other schools she teaches in. She is efficient and a great communicator. Her team adore her as do other volunteers in the region, as she is so amiable and genuinely helpful.

Vocal Variety Transformed How I Deliver Ethics Lessons

Ethics teacher Alicia Potts discovered a good method for enhancing her ethics lessons. Alicia writes: A while ago, I was listening to a business podcast when I heard voice coach Tracy Goodwin discussing how to use variety in your voice to tell a story and communicate your message. As I was listening, it struck me how useful this could be for me in the classroom as a volunteer ethics teacher.

Engaging students in meaningful discussions is essential to helping them develop strong values and ethical reasoning skills. However, it can sometimes be challenging to capture their attention and keep them focused on the lesson.

I wrote down the key takeaways from the podcast and have been successfully using these tactics during my ethics lessons. Below is my summary of Tracey Goodwin‘s five elements of vocal variety we can use to convey meaning and build connection with our students.

Tracy Goodwin’s Five Elements of Vocal Variety

Intentional pauses: This technique is the most powerful and involves taking a brief moment of silence before and/or after delivering an important message to create emphasis. This allows students to absorb your words and reflect on their meaning. It may also draw them back in if they have tuned out while you were speaking.

Elongation of words: Elongation is simply stretching out a word to draw attention to it. While telling a story, if you said, “Jack looked really upset”, it wouldn’t have as much impact as if you said, “Jack looked reeeeealllllllyy upset”. By drawing out the word, you emphasise the importance of the concept and help students understand its significance.

Shades of loud and soft: Varying the volume of your voice can also be a powerful tool to hold student attention. If you speak in the same tone the whole time, it can be boring and children can lose interest and get distracted. You can also use volume to communicate a message.

If you are reading a story with an exciting, action-packed section, you might use a loud voice. Speaking loudly can convey a sense of urgency or excitement and make your students sit up and take notice.

By speaking softly, you create a sense of intimacy and understanding, drawing your students in and encouraging them to listen closely. Talking as if you are telling a secret can make students feel important and valued in the lesson.

Pacing fast and slow: Varying the pace at which you speak can also make your ethics lessons more engaging.

Speaking fast is great when you are expressing excitement and urgency. However, speaking fast all the time could give the students the impression that you just want to get through the lesson, and they might be less inclined to engage with the content. Speaking loud and fast all the time has been proven to repel people.

By slowing down your speech, you can create a sense of gravity and importance. It also allows students to really take in the words you are saying. Sometimes, the concepts in ethics lessons are quite complex and foreign to the students, making it all the more important to slow down and allow thinking time. Don’t be afraid to speak extra slowly when the word or phrase is meaningful.

Changing melody (high and low): Finally, varying the pitch of your voice can add interest and emotion to your ethics lessons. Using variations of high and low notes in your voice helps build the listeners’ trust in you. Change your pitch and the direction (up or down) of your pitch regularly as you speak, and play around to find what feels natural to you. Often, the higher the pitch, the more excited you sound, and it could convey enthusiasm or worry. A lower pitch can be used to express confidence, seriousness and authority.

@Home bulletin Term 4 2023

Our @Home bulletin lets you know what your children are discussing in ethics. These topics are certainly relevant to us as adults too. We hope the students talk about ethics with you at home – ask them about it! We’d love to hear of any good discussions you have.

Subscribe here to our @Home email bulletin for parents

The topics we show you below are based on classes which began at the beginning of the year. Please bear in mind that the further we advance into the year, the less likely these topics will be accurate for your child’s class. Classes started at different times (depending on when there were enough volunteers), some lessons go much slower than others, some schools skip ethics for the first and last weeks of the term and so on.

If your child tells you they are discussing a topic you don’t see in this bulletin, you can also look at the Curriculum section of our website to find it.

Here’s a brief look at what your children could be exploring in their ethics lessons this term.

Kindergarten: Owning up
In Term 4, kindy students will explore the ethics of owning up and telling the truth. They’ll talk about whether it’s okay to not speak up and admit when we’ve made a mistake and whether we miss opportunities to learn when we don’t own up.
Later in the term, they’ll reflect on two different ways we can work out if something’s true – by using our senses and by thinking.

Stage 1 – Years 1 & 2: Being kind
Our Stage 1 students will explore some big questions about kindness. They’ll consider whether helping someone because you hope to be rewarded or because you’ve been told to counts as being kind.

Stage 2 – Years 3 & 4: Cheating
In Term 4, our Stage 2 students will delve into the ethics of cheating. They’ll discuss what counts as cheating and whether cheating is always wrong. As part of this, they’ll consider whether it’s possible to cheat in a one-player game and whether it’s okay to cheat if the other team is cheating.
Later in the term, they’ll explore questions about friendships.

Stage 3 – Years 5 & 6: Why should we trust science?
Our Stage 3 students will explore some big questions about trust in science. They’ll talk about whether our beliefs matter and whether we have a responsibility to stay well-informed of the science when making big decisions.
Later in the term, students will consider what it means to treat someone fairly.

Stage 4 – Years 7 & 8: Yuck! The ethics of disgust
In Term 4, our Stage 4 students will ponder how emotions can influence decision-making and whether disgust is a reliable indicator of something being morally bad. They’ll also talk about whether emotions get in the way of making good decisions – or whether they help us make good decisions.
Later in the term, they’ll discuss whether it’s ever okay to put a monetary value on human life.

Jo: ‘Joy, amusement and the intangible benefits of volunteering’

Jo Gardner began volunteering as an ethics teacher at local schools on the Central Coast six years ago. She was motivated by a sense of wanting to give back, having a connection with the young generation and providing an option for parents who don’t want their children to participate in religious education. Jo says she has found “joy, amusement and all the intangible benefits of volunteering” along the way.

“Initially I saw an article about ethics classes in the local newspaper”, Jo said. “I’ve always had an interest in ethics and heard Simon Longstaff of the Ethics Centre speak on a number of occasions. The free training workshop with Primary Ethics was a wonderful experience and I’ve now learnt so much for myself about ethics and philosophy. I believe that critical thinking is an important skill for us all and being able to, in some small way, help kids develop these skills is a privilege.”

Jo teaches two classes a week and says it takes her about an hour to prepare for each, reading carefully through the lesson script which is supplied to her by Primary Ethics.

The best part of being an ethics teacher is the children. I am exposed to their wonder in life.

Jo Gardner – Volunteer Ethics Teacher

“I like seeing the kids thinking and then coming up with ideas… Their talkative natures with great explaining of their thoughts, sometimes a bit convoluted but always considered and revealing their willingness to think about ethical issues. Watching them have ‘aha’ moments and learning how to build on other children’s point of view. Also their willingness to disagree.”

Jo’s grandson has been in her ethics classes for the past two years. “I have been rewarded seeing him mature into a thinking, empathetic young boy. We’ve been able to discuss things in the lessons that would not normally come up in conversations between a grandparent and child.”

Jo says she would encourage anyone with a spare hour or two in their week to volunteer as an ethics teacher. No previous teaching experience is needed. Like Jo, you will get a lot out of it yourself, as well as contributing to the richness of your students’ lives.

Primary Ethics is delighted to announce the Kinghorn Volunteer Award 2023, which brings substantial prize money to go to the recipient’s chosen school, as well as public recognition and appreciation for the often-unsung efforts of our wonderful volunteers.

This award will honour an ethics volunteer who has strongly contributed to the success of the ethics program at their school – or schools. We want to acknowledge someone who is a team player, good communicator, supportive of other volunteers, reliable and committed to our program of ethics education.

The award is open to all ethics teachers, coordinators, regional managers and members of the Classroom Support Team (except Primary Ethics staff). Every volunteer can nominate other volunteers for this award – there is no limit on numbers of nominations. Only volunteers who have been active in 2023 are eligible to be nominated.

We are looking for someone who:

has made a significant contribution to our mission to deliver ethics education to children so that they can develop skills in ethical reasoning, critical thinking and respectful discussion
has conducted themselves in a manner true to our values of respect, integrity, independence, excellence and teamwork.

THE PRIZE

The winner has the privilege of directing $4000 towards the library service in the school or schools of their choosing. They will be awarded an engraved trophy and their school library will be given a hardcopy copy of Sapiens: A Graphic History: The Birth of Humankind by Yuval Noah Harari, containing a bookplate with details of this award winner.

We will present the award to the winner at a ceremony in December 2023.

Make your nomination here >>

Nominations close at midnight on 22 September, 2023.

The winner will be announced in late November 2023.

WHY THE KINGHORN AWARD?

The Chair of the Primary Ethics Board, Bruce Hogan, through his Hogan Family Foundation, is funding this award in order to recognise the fantastic contribution of the Kinghorn Family Foundation to Primary Ethics.

Primary Ethics would not be where it is today without the Kinghorns. From 2013 to 2023, John and Jill Kinghorn’s Foundation provided significant funding to Primary Ethics. This generous funding directly resulted in the employment of urgently needed staff to manage and develop ethics programs and provide teacher training.

This Kinghorn Award recognises both the pivotal role the Foundation has played and the significant role of the winner in bringing our ethics program to more children in our state.

THE JUDGING PANEL

The judging panel will be comprised of:

The Chair of the Primary Ethics Board, Bruce Hogan
Two randomly selected volunteers – you can express interest in being on the panel on the nomination form
CEO of Primary Ethics, Evan Hannah
plus others tba

Now is the time to think, reason and if necessary discuss your reasons for choosing your nominee – and then go ahead and nominate them!

Freewheeling and provocative – the joys of teaching high school ethics

Rose-Anne Manns on the joys of teaching high school ethics.

‘Should we always apologise for hurting someone accidentally?’ I ask my Year 7 students at Lindfield Learning Village.

‘Yes’, says one boy. ‘Saying sorry will make them feel better – it’s kind. It’s a good life skill.’

‘Well, it depends’, says his classmate. ‘If it was just some random dude I hurt, then sure. But my mates and I never apologise to each other – we just laugh it off.’

‘But some of your friends might hold a grudge if you never say sorry’, a girl responds. ‘What if everyone did that? We’d all end up killing each other.’

I sit back and say nothing for a full minute or so. There is no need to anchor – they are all answering the question. There is no need to ask for reasons – they’re providing them. There is no need to open to others – they are taking turns engaging with each other, sometimes building on a classmate’s idea, sometimes explaining why they disagree.

Such is the joy of teaching my high school ethics class. Most of the time, I simply wind them up and let them go.

I have been a Primary Ethics teacher for 10 years, covering all primary stages, and this year I finally had the opportunity to teach at a high school. It’s the most fun I have all week.

The younger kids sometimes need coaxing to reveal their opinions, and often need a fair amount of structure to reveal them logically. Not so with my high school students – they are well practiced in articulating their views, especially those who experienced ethics lessons in primary school.

It’s not that I’m a passive facilitator. I always have my trusty facilitation skills flowchart on hand, checking that the group is raising a variety of views and that individuals are considering those different views. I throw in plenty of encouraging feedback when someone responds directly to what a peer is saying. I praise anyone who comes up with examples and counter-examples to make their points.

Although I facilitate the discussion with a relatively light touch, I nevertheless keep a tight rein on classroom management. Adolescence is a time when some young people feel emboldened about challenging authority figures, ethics teachers included. I have to remind a couple of them that the ‘no putdowns’ guideline applies to their teacher too, when I catch them rolling their eyes at me or mimicking me disrespectfully. Others need repeated assertive directions about not rocking back on chairs or keeping their hands to themselves.

They soon settle down and engage enthusiastically with the content, which creates another challenge for me. Because they are so eager to express their ideas, the conversation can feel somewhat freewheeling, even when we’re on script. For example, there were peals of laughter when, earlier in the year, they presented sometimes provocative beliefs on how old people should be before they’re allowed to vote, leave school, drive a car, buy alcohol (Topic 1: You’re not the boss of me). Weeks later, they had an extremely energetic debate over how far lockdowns should go during a crisis (Topic 2: Life under Covid-19).

Because the conversation was so animated, I wondered whether I was losing control, so I put out a call to the Primary Ethics classroom support team to ask whether I should intervene to create a more serious vibe. A helpful chat reassured me that if the class is on topic and behaving well, then I should just relax and enjoy it as much as the students clearly are.

And so I do. Happily.

@Home bulletin July 2023

Welcome to term 3 of ethics – we’re into the second half of the year already! And we still have new schools and new classes joining our ethics education program, so welcome to all the new parents.

Our @Home bulletin lets you know what your children are discussing in ethics. We hope they talk about it with you at home too – ask them about it!

Subscribe here to our @Home email bulletin.

If your child tells you they are discussing a topic you don’t see in this bulletin, you can also look at the Curriculum section of our website to find it.

Ethics Term 3

Here’s a brief look at what your children could be exploring in their ethics lessons this term.

Kindergarten: Disagreeing
In Term 3, students in kindergarten will explore the ethics of disagreeing with others. They’ll talk about whether it’s okay to tell someone they’re wrong (and when it’s important to speak up). They’ll also think about the best ways to express disagreement constructively and kindly.
Later in the year, they’ll tackle topics like owning up and being truthful.

Stage 1 – Years 1 & 2: Is it important to understand the rules?
In Term 3, our Stage 1 students will explore some big questions about following the rules. They’ll talk about why following rules can be tough and whether it helps to understand the reasons behind them. They’ll also think about whether people who set rules have a responsibility to explain them.
Later in the year, students will consider questions about stereotyping and being good friends.

Stage 2 – Years 3 & 4: Intentions
In Term 3, our Stage 2 students will delve into the importance of intentions. We’ll encourage them to ponder how much our intentions matter. For example, when someone tries to do good but accidentally causes harm, should we focus on their good intentions or the unintended consequences? Similarly, if someone accidentally does something good, should we praise them for it?
Later in the year, they’ll explore questions related to beauty.

Stage 3 – Years 5 & 6: Stealing
In Term 3, our Stage 3 students will explore the ethics of stealing. They will talk about what sorts of actions count as stealing. For example, is it stealing to watch a fireworks display from afar without paying? They’ll also think about what, if anything, makes stealing wrong.
Later in the year, students will consider what responsibility society and individuals have to do something about homelessness.

Stage 4 – Years 7 & 8: Does it matter if everyone disagrees with you?
In Term 3, our Stage 4 students will ponder the nature of disagreement. They’ll discuss whether our opinions on matters like taste in food or movies can be objectively wrong. They’ll also reflect on whether discovering that lots of people disagree with us should that make us less confident in our position.
Later in the year, they’ll delve into how emotions can influence our decision-making.

Googling the high school ethics curriculum

Kelby Mason, philosopher, ethics teacher and trainer, was lead author for our high school curriculum, before we launched the high school ethics program in 2021. Here’s his writing process.

Q: What do the following have in common:

attractive people judged more trustworthy
what does nodding mean in Turkey
Roger Ebert idiot plot
shame culture guilt culture
apology displays in dogs
what is this thing you humans call friendship
influencers ruining nature
famous examples of not accepting an apology
indigenous Australians on importance of role models growing up
how far away is the heat death of the universe
what happened to Jeremy Bentham’s head [look it up yourself, it’s pretty interesting!]
famous female political prisoners
mismatched couples in ya fiction
average daily earnings Uber Eats
Trump tweet ‘we cannot let the cure be worse than the disease’
cross-cultural facial expressions
Paul Rozin glass of spit.

A: They’re all things we googled while writing the Stage 4 (years 7 and 8) high school ethics curriculum.

Since 2011 Primary Ethics has been teaching ethics classes in primary schools across NSW, with (as of 2023) 2600 volunteers in 500 schools, reaching 43,000 students weekly, from Kindergarten to Year 6. It’s quite a challenge keeping that machinery running each week, but at least once Professor Sue Knight had written an entire curriculum of over 100 lessons to cover all the primary school stages, we could relax a little, knowing that would be all the ethical thinking school students would have to do.

Yet it turns out that high schoolers face ethical problems too — who knew?! And, kidding aside, the ethical issues they confront are not the same as the ones facing primary kids. Plus, they can think bigger and deeper about the ethical issues we all face as individuals and as a society.

So we googled a whole lot of weird stuff (which didn’t all make it into the curriculum) and made a curriculum for year 7 and 8 students. These classes give students who’ve done ethics in primary school a chance to develop their critical thinking and group discussion skills even further, while thinking about issues that matter to them as teenagers and to society. And for students who didn’t have the opportunity to do ethics in primary school, it introduces the fascinating, puzzling and stimulating world of ethical thinking and discussion.

In high school ethics, students get to think and talk about a bunch of big important questions like:

Should we lower the voting age?
Is peer pressure always bad?
Who should decide how much time you spend playing video games?
If you could live forever, would you want to?
Is there anything wrong with leaving rubbish on the moon?
Can you put a price on human life? Are young people’s lives worth more than old people’s?
Does the environment have rights like humans do?
Does it matter if everyone disagrees with you?
And would you drink a glass of water with your own spit in it?

Yep, that spit one stayed in – believe it or not, the emotion of disgust is ethically interesting!

How is it ethically interesting? Well, you’ll have a take a high school ethics class to find out.

To find out more about our high school ethics program and express an interest, go here and click on the High School link top right.

Category: Education